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4.7 上机实训二——绘制沙发组构件
通过上述各小节的详细讲述,相信读者对各种修改工具有了一定的认识和操作能力,下面绘制如图4-79所示的沙发组平面图例,在综合巩固所学知识的前提下,对本章所讲知识进行综合练习和巩固。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_130_3.jpg?sign=1738845026-5drckgjIujwmkYoi2xYFPCbQBN4HxuCl-0-dbcc08e421da500465424e221816b682)
图4-79 沙发组平面图例
操作步骤
Step 01 单击“标准”工具栏→“新建”按钮,新建绘图文件。
Step 02 打开状态栏上的“对象捕捉”和“对象追踪”功能,并设置“对象捕捉模式”为“中点”捕捉和“端点”捕捉,如图4-80所示。
Step 03 选择菜单栏中的“视图”→“缩放”→“中心”命令,将视图高度调整为2400个绘图单位。
Step 04 按“REC”快捷键执行“矩形”命令,绘制长度为950个绘图单位、宽度为150个绘图单位的矩形,作为沙发靠背轮廓线。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_131_4.jpg?sign=1738845026-QZPWPROZjK0uvLaoKcky33Q78L3qsYb4-0-1f1516bce93deaa36b20e217c84814f4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_131_5.jpg?sign=1738845026-BPC7Pc6oVaABGAqTARm4Y9JEe9EreSUR-0-ca5d0600f264c39324d8f84837ac83ab)
图4-80 设置“对象捕捉模式”
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_131_6.jpg?sign=1738845026-kQFt5PodbJqssc3dMmVZ2geG9GKr2GGr-0-d0e450c0a6e0f4cb18a22345a3453c08)
图4-81 绘制结果
Step 05 重复执行“矩形”命令,配合“捕捉自”功能绘制扶手轮廓线。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_131_8.jpg?sign=1738845026-u3m4rlCd2lXF4T01zurV0adU6NevqHZI-0-3f859e3b28541e427c1ab047788c4e2f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_131_9.jpg?sign=1738845026-GvyozJPrqUShrC3fkbJZK5L0j08MeV8r-0-1bdd7760b55972dbf430cf3af6193fb9)
图4-82 捕捉端点1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_131_10.jpg?sign=1738845026-AwXOLqDLIvvNRVIylTYO8OJIug1DPLIb-0-98c40ec1fad1ef28fff9509c755a93c5)
图4-83 捕捉端点2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_131_11.jpg?sign=1738845026-1abZVwDr5Nqkvd96mng2ghR6JmtaWK26-0-2d7e9863dc10f31c297d0c823f7aa890)
图4-84 绘制扶手轮廓线结果
Step 06 选择菜单栏中的“修改”→“分解”命令,将三个矩形分解。
Step 07 选择菜单栏中的“修改”→“偏移”命令,将最上侧的水平轮廓线向下偏移750个绘图单位,将两侧的垂直轮廓线向内偏移90个绘图单位。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_131_14.jpg?sign=1738845026-eAbxytptSfxBG0afoa3HaIT4a36DgBJT-0-f9f673ccf17c76b31b0c378de652bf6b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_132_1.jpg?sign=1738845026-IRrXmWU5n6bDwMW500bxh3Et4lscs7cV-0-8288e5a6c4205a5e2203bf207520579b)
Step 08 选择菜单栏中的“修改”→“延伸”命令,以最下侧的水平轮廓线为界,对其他两条垂直边进行延伸。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_132_3.jpg?sign=1738845026-4sCdrmf6jsocBBIasZr7i0oNQQdpvwVt-0-d8f761c1490d409aa0813de92944e43a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_132_4.jpg?sign=1738845026-SnD24MAUgKn6uNnGnydUv6BLOURqycPa-0-f2597d5cb97057d0816cb3ba306a83f3)
图4-85 偏移结果
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_132_5.jpg?sign=1738845026-KDO1i9xpvTGq8VTfo4U5XaD9AVIX5gWg-0-fce705f520de0135d226dbc1d337906f)
图4-86 选择边界1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_132_6.jpg?sign=1738845026-fgiiqcsitkjGetZdDgB4JxvnRC0ozmv4-0-819c993f24d5cf32383e5f3682d67c65)
图4-87 延伸结果
Step 09 选择菜单栏中的“修改”→“修剪”命令,对下侧的水平边进行修剪。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_132_8.jpg?sign=1738845026-xWKd4lWnYv9uZwPNpkIKMv2N1urTXBh2-0-796656b81bf4d3a12ad942f2a45f5963)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_133_1.jpg?sign=1738845026-ls8xwxDfmBrAYvHAE2waREscXTZEKPE0-0-71d11c4662e3bafc0aec4e3bc536a38f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_133_2.jpg?sign=1738845026-a2l8DKj2W3AopaZEL6osD6ipifbPHU8F-0-405af160c83d5b1f47e532dea7f3d348)
图4-88 选择边界2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_133_3.jpg?sign=1738845026-AYIEyBfMt3WnCFL7I6XZqa7JIJhD4aFb-0-7b9035a562a633c6f6fce36e3c29882d)
图4-89 修剪结果
Step 10 选择菜单栏中的“修改”→“拉长”命令,对内部的两条垂直轮廓边进行编辑。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_133_5.jpg?sign=1738845026-bk9uMbhn5JWKFOmrEUHgACAo7jX9EaHb-0-05d55a7777b734164875034cb0b644ca)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_133_6.jpg?sign=1738845026-Sk79HzZCYty6b4AqFeErybTq0984SEdS-0-728de553f5162fa01dad434337fcba91)
图4-90 单击指定位置1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_133_7.jpg?sign=1738845026-Auh0lmZtpeIipj1NOZK7qGsxZd1ZUSgl-0-369c9ef37475a5424e4061cb660ed644)
图4-91 单击指定位置2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_133_8.jpg?sign=1738845026-zzIppP3aG9NKVAXhraCP5ovxt0JWf5An-0-038c538410f2b1d5988465e61c902d89)
图4-92 操作结果
Step 11 选择菜单栏中的“修改”→“倒角”命令,对靠背轮廓边进行倒角编辑。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_133_10.jpg?sign=1738845026-BpO3hzICMikWVTjjzLtOphHPeRcT5Un2-0-b71a482758813473c51dd37990e80de2)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_134_1.jpg?sign=1738845026-G9U98qKiJ5phO4ECkEO7WxAO8v5JZn8i-0-1cee166dd3cefae7e96229a79a2a79be)
Step 02 按“L”快捷键执行“直线”命令,配合端点捕捉功能,绘制如图4-95所示的水平轮廓边。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_134_3.jpg?sign=1738845026-JSd6OK1Bm94NjrHZeb0mD2hkErAxKtIV-0-88a46ab2d4843f59d1cf38f9d33a3d26)
图4-93 定位倒角边
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_134_4.jpg?sign=1738845026-pioYIGkWKELVLrzd1qamcCh26U13LAon-0-58e2e6a3cf05eced14b0660f05d60aaa)
图4-94 倒角结果
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_134_5.jpg?sign=1738845026-1Kvx2IyiEIxUQVv1lYfb7gu5OoIcp5ZU-0-0ddd8a26a14b456fb59d84e76ce3c779)
图4-95 绘制水平轮廓边结果
Step 13 单击“默认”选项卡→“修改”面板→“圆角”按钮,对下侧的轮廓边进行圆角。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_134_8.jpg?sign=1738845026-FRO4qvr0ru8XgyLbJQ81tbxr8xpMKeDr-0-278c6c7806c87331bdbf044877ca9dcb)
Step 14 在无命令执行的前提下拉出如图4-98所示的窗交选择框,然后按住鼠标右键拖动,当松开右键时,从弹出的快捷菜单中选择“复制到此处”选项,如图4-99所示,对其进行复制。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_134_10.jpg?sign=1738845026-ZiVtf93UFH445PwUK2utfm4H0XPXaD7r-0-a4bd34596ceca46d9fda35e5dbf7c163)
图4-96 定位圆角边
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_134_11.jpg?sign=1738845026-UbR7ypjwbGYqiPIAg758C0yUw62CyT1o-0-3e426bb888f3d79657f47c6e99e4d082)
图4-97 圆角结果
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_134_12.jpg?sign=1738845026-G67fXRGgBmhHILaj2p8pvCfxMxbH7qGh-0-9261771ce809a06358777f07de2ede5e)
图4-98 窗交选择框
Step 15 重复上一步操作,将沙发图形复制一份。
Step 16 单击“默认”选项卡→“修改”面板→“拉伸”按钮,配合“极轴追踪”功能,将复制出的沙发拉伸为双人沙发。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_135_1.jpg?sign=1738845026-ksXz5UxrFSO5buDhK5PBdDPppWMhOF5F-0-95767e86ae6d8b4411bceb9826515b74)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_135_2.jpg?sign=1738845026-aqQ2Nu7SiKo3ZFKJrOwr80IgUFeaK3oq-0-13e69fb2e9909fb1829d22c397e224f1)
图4-99 右键菜单
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_135_3.jpg?sign=1738845026-7pcfYfA4WiEBU3ClbFbFcfESoFBzjgPH-0-a91bffd2857d5b276b3aecd93a8d7d13)
图4-100 窗交选择框
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_135_4.jpg?sign=1738845026-YxlBbM1k7IKl5ZdygrPpKncRgetDT0Mp-0-da68dc586db3f5ae2e9910a0e0566155)
图4-101 引出极轴矢量
Step 17 按“L”快捷键执行“直线”命令,配合“中点捕捉”功能绘制如图4-103所示的分界线。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_135_6.jpg?sign=1738845026-PDj9JkNIT3PGCd9h3NuUWEo8J1PB3U6c-0-3f874914219ee4c9a6e38b0103ed8730)
图4-102 拉伸结果1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_135_7.jpg?sign=1738845026-p4olK7ZOZTaGGhPEveKe8tvo9DeY6p1G-0-230f0a24ffb25bbfdb821660bdcb78bb)
图4-103 绘制分界线结果
Step 18 重复执行“拉伸”命令,配合“极轴追踪”功能,将另一个沙发拉伸为三人沙发。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_135_9.jpg?sign=1738845026-Rptp7CbtHiQ0fQJ7J324kHsSdyLXbAEa-0-eaa79e3dec7b32d7c5c085e070aaa38a)
Step 19 按“L”快捷键执行“直线”命令,配合“对象捕捉”功能绘制如图4-105所示的两条分界线。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_135_11.jpg?sign=1738845026-M1vQSzHrqfk7Heq3CtdLVaiuNXrPnbYh-0-34bb4ef8236bd6cb596c654393f8dcd3)
图4-104 拉伸结果2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_135_12.jpg?sign=1738845026-AW6zfkrI7uH3xvPIuC2BlnQuc4UPTWh5-0-3e714c2e1c8591eb59d61c660f5de64b)
图4-105 绘制两条分界线结果
Step 20 单击“默认”选项卡→“修改”面板→“旋转”按钮,将双人沙发旋转90°。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_135_15.jpg?sign=1738845026-Jp0HtyfbDeVwakPEN9542Qn5l97ecxEi-0-4b0100f33e7f53f5fa1a4abf87dc9d25)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_136_1.jpg?sign=1738845026-mjaYrT9ttdw9yqo6FHyhF2R8B1h6SvUm-0-6d526d4c2d9b3fe0f949117dd967199d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_136_2.jpg?sign=1738845026-Ni9m5DLQQmXXbr8086BuT4uiDL5dCsTa-0-953b11d12ec7a897eb7f45d977d0cd2b)
图4-106 窗口选择框
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_136_3.jpg?sign=1738845026-on3sSwmnYZxvVaeik8bBOSNDXCHdNnww-0-c29b489711141022436fa43288dbd77d)
图4-107 双人沙发旋转90°结果
Step 21 重复执行“旋转”命令,将单人沙发旋转-90°。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_136_5.jpg?sign=1738845026-6OLVwGsaSxKy5mnYmfTYgNfqa4DhBIdS-0-aeb8dd4db51696c94bf787fb0a133d86)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_136_6.jpg?sign=1738845026-Wz4vJWqGkF4dEw5pdDLKuBeQCfKQii4g-0-458f4eb1f5bfc205507f47d767364039)
图4-108 选择单人沙发
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_136_7.jpg?sign=1738845026-SKtdYbaIDZLFCCpn0WSPdKfnC4zMAsSB-0-4bd5910bcd159571add26ca79b437a59)
图4-109 单人沙发旋转90°结果
Step 22 按“M”快捷键执行“移动”命令,将单人沙发、双人沙发和三人沙发进行移动,组合成沙发组。组合结果如图4-110所示。
Step 23 按“REC”快捷键执行“矩形”命令,绘制如图4-111所示的矩形作为茶几。
Step 24 单击“默认”选项卡→“修改”面板→“旋转”按钮,将如图4-111所示的沙发组旋转180°,旋转结果如图4-112所示。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_136_12.jpg?sign=1738845026-Z5jMbufO3e79mWHB5ZjsBeVgfkbbdbgZ-0-ed3303e9f12afec5c94d284a5facc99c)
图4-110 组合结果
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_136_13.jpg?sign=1738845026-cPENibfThBxOymuKbluyEqUWqr234A3e-0-c4dcadba0421580e10337f61fb99ffcc)
图4-111 绘制茶几结果
Step 25 执行“缩放”命令,配合“两点之间的中点”功能对茶几进行缩放并复制。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_137_1.jpg?sign=1738845026-aRUBjVR1igcvDpNkBdpS8JNu4G3ygLok-0-a8fb288f58acd00d5a031f9cfa01d266)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_137_2.jpg?sign=1738845026-vHzDh9QqSnUt7xJx45DlwQReLbSTlqy7-0-0875fe0a0ccedea126f03de6da49a6e2)
图4-112 沙发组旋转180°结果
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_137_3.jpg?sign=1738845026-kKofzIwwtZVVM4AMByJA9ppvmhFu294u-0-2d76c4161466d73bab1406b3e06614dd)
图4-113 缩放并复制结果
Step 26 按“H”快捷键执行“图案填充”命令,打开图案填充和渐变色对话框,设置填充图案和填充参数1如图4-114所示,为茶几填充如图4-115所示的图案。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_137_5.jpg?sign=1738845026-SuKjyQkDRl9M3dBxx78PvIdGtx2Lj1kI-0-ebcc8282052a299c7ed0610b20118185)
图4-114 设置填充图案和填充参数1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_137_6.jpg?sign=1738845026-AyqWiCSSNbKs3W0es9QCGaz928euwXJP-0-6ea950ce22fe953a55fc96e1adcc13c0)
图4-115 填充结果1
Step 27 重复执行“图案填充”命令,打开图案填充和渐变色对话框,设置填充图案和填充参数2如图4-116所示,为沙发填充如图4-117所示的图案。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_137_8.jpg?sign=1738845026-6sGxrlpX9tCbyolX1YnDCdfT9jIXUHye-0-1ac174f03c2eaa382ce182197ceb4c30)
图4-116 设置填充图案和填充参数2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_137_9.jpg?sign=1738845026-BBwaFrzwiRyys0eurWu33ciRY7KpUz5n-0-5953b161a9126636a7642115d0a8300b)
图4-117 填充结果2
Step 28 重复执行“图案填充”命令,打开图案填充和渐变色对话框,设置填充图案和填充参数3如图4-118所示,为沙发填充如图4-119所示的图案。
Step 29 执行“保存”命令,将图形命名存储为“上机实训二.dwg”。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_138_2.jpg?sign=1738845026-U7ARBSzeQcRB3XgmexO5SoAWYmjX7tLj-0-f75971209220accb150c0b651e6f5e72)
图4-118 设置填充图案和填充参数3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/CD1FC1/19118076701949906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/39026_138_3.jpg?sign=1738845026-L0LvENIMRfBLET9k1n58oFVr2bmIAosv-0-e539ac0eafb0faa6279889fb33276af5)
图4-119 填充结果3