第三节 拓展练习10题
真题演练
Exercise 1
It would have been difficult to respond to the requests of villagers and other rural inhabitants without the support and understanding of district authorities.
Exercise 2
I'm not very good, but I'd really miss it if I stopped.
Exercise 3
If we could just improve the resources and facilities, I think it would be fine.
Exercise 4
What would be the implications if humanity were to understand, with precision, the genetic constitution which, given the same environment, will predispose one person towards a higher intelligence than another individual whose genes were differently shuffled?
Exercise 5
The general sent the order that the battle should be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
Exercise 6
My proposal is that we should set a deadline for handing in the plan.
Exercise 7
The popular conception of Amazonia and its native residents would be enormously consequential if it were title, but the human history of Amazania in the past 11,000 years betrays that view as myth.
Exercise 8
Well, what would happen if Australian bees died out?
Exercise 9
I wish we had more seminars.
Exercise 10
Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children's health and survival.
参考答案
Exercise 1
译文：要是没有当地政府的支持和理解，当地村民和其他农村住户的需求就很难得到满足。
语法破解：这是一个简单句，without的意思是“要是没有……”，在这里表示的是一种与过去事实相反的虚拟假设，所以谓语用would have+过去分词，即would have been。
Exercise 2
译文：我不太擅长，但如果我不参加了，我就真的错过它（曲棍球）了。
语法破解：but前是一个简单句。but后是一个主从复合句，所说的与现在的事实相反，所以用虚拟语气；if引导的条件状语从句的谓语用过去式，即stopped；主句的谓语用would+动词原形，即would…miss。
Exercise 3
译文：如果我们只是升级资源和设备，我想这就会很好了。
语法破解：这是一个主从复合句，所说的与现在的事实相反，所以用虚拟语气。If引导的条件状语从句的谓语用情态动词的过去式，即could…improve；I think可以看作插入语，它后面的句子相当于主句，谓语用would+动词原形，即would be。
Exercise 4
译文：假如人类精确地了解了基因组成，会是怎样的应用，在相同的环境里，预先做手脚，使一个人的智商比另外一个基因被打乱的人智商高呢？
语法破解：这是一个多重主从复合句，所说的与现在的事实相反，所以用虚拟语气。主句的谓语用would+动词原形，即would be；if引导的条件状语从句的谓语用were+动词不定式，即were to understand；which引导的定语从句修饰the genetic constitution，该从句中又包含一个由whose引导的定语从句，修饰another individual。
Exercise 5
译文：将军发出了命令，战斗应该一直打下去，直到敌人被彻底打败。
语法破解：这是一个主从复合句。主句中的名词是order；that引导的同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，即should be held，这里的should可以省略。
Exercise 6
译文：我的建议是我们应该设定一个上交计划的最后期限。
语法破解：这是一个主从复合句。主句中的名词是proposal；that引导的表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，即should set，这里的should可以省略。
Exercise 7
译文：对于亚马孙地区及其当地居民的普遍看法如果属实，将会对今后产生重大的影响。但是亚马孙河过去11000年的人类历史已驳斥了那种观点。
语法破解：but前是一个主从复合句，所说的与现在的事实相反，所以用虚拟语气。if引导的条件状语从句的系动词用were；主句的谓语用would+动词原形，即would be。but后是一个简单句。
Exercise 8
译文：嗯，如果澳大利亚蜜蜂灭绝了会发生什么情况呢？
语法破解：这是一个主从复合句，所说的与现在的事实相反，所以用虚拟语气。if引导的条件状语从句的谓语用过去式，即died out；主句的谓语用would+动词原形，即would happen。
Exercise 9
译文：我希望我们有更多的研讨班。
语法破解：这是一个主从复合句。wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句的时间是现在，谓语用过去式，即had。
Exercise 10
译文：如今在尼加拉瓜开展的一个长期研究证明：教会成年贫穷妇女识字（否则她们依然是文盲状态），这会直接影响她们孩子的健康和存活。
语法破解：这是一个多重主从复合句。that引导的是宾语从句；该宾语从句中又包含一个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰poor adult women, otherwise表示非真实的假设，所以该定语从句用虚拟语气，由于所说的与过去的事实相反，所以谓语用would have+动词原形，即would…have remained。