![弹在膛上:一个维和士兵的战地纪实](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/637/23734637/b_23734637.jpg)
关于作者
杨华文,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人。1986年出生,2004年入伍,毕业于中国人民解放军国防科技大学。历任排长、宣传干事、组织干事,现为解放军某部纪律检查干事,上尉军衔。2013年12月至2014年9月,以首批赴马里维和部队警卫分队政工干事身份到马里执行维和任务,亲历并记录了维和行动。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0003_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-k70iNZcDXgGZyCZ4Mb1JHadNdhjcPSMd-0-41094087eb1a6be4bea871b8e5536553)
尼日尔步兵营的士兵正在“俱乐部”看电视,房间内部设施很简陋
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0003_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-QcjdJ8to2fXTydPJzpYO4o9sMr8T0hT9-0-94445f2e9ba12befc923eba82ed48363)
尼日尔官兵正在祷告。这种宗教仪式的作用类似于中国军队的政治教育
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0004_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-yjB0z0iTUjWFOezGA1pfQqEIBtJRbwpJ-0-32788254cc5a6accfa6c8767f1906a71)
一名卢旺达警察帮着中国士兵装沙箱。卢旺达警察营是驻加奥所有非洲维和部队中内务最整洁、着装最统一的。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0004_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-etGn57WG93Cyck2GH4jgZeBOxIMekN03-0-62fa3fb7cda65bb8e3afcb26b3002a78)
这是准备去前线作战的乍得士兵,车上挂了很多火箭弹
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0005_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-nfDnjRD84lBbEJ6ifa9kVqHAZKSDalm4-0-156606716fc7cfea4aa9e84fffbbb4f7)
中国警卫全副武装迎接“联马团”司令卡佐拉检阅
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0005_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-wZ9Bb3SV30WSgM7B6PurJRkOWeUQKLrd-0-07fce8c1e9b458efb37e1553f0c8337d)
卢旺达警察营沿着加奥主干道游行,纪念卢旺达大屠杀。游行获得了各国维和部队和加奥人民的大力支持
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警卫一排的一辆步战车正在为荷兰工兵作业区进行警戒,作业可休息,警戒却全时存在
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0006_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-5Hfq3XrZj9D3RmL8MTkkoBDGLsw4A2ve-0-f3bbb8086cb59a386834aafb3e387aa4)
卡斯特营区在一望无际的沙漠里,哨兵又干又热
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0007_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-TXeGZBnwoItem4gzFInNDccc9ZrN5DVx-0-270326afbc494711afc930db612184d1)
荷兰特种分队官兵被中国维和营区的标语吸引。所有标语都是用中英两种文字制作的,既有教育官兵作用,又有对外宣传目的
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0007_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-L0sN4zk7tAhQpCD3uKkWJPCumZzNVcX6-0-acddb07e75920a9777c38ee587ca7afb)
每次出入卡斯特营区大门,荷兰哨兵都会对中国军人致以军礼。他们对中国军人为其提供防卫充满感激
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0008_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-trHs8PRiVQX1g6AFHku4JNbl11nneIT0-0-ba278257dca1c4845deb46967b70f1a8)
荷兰部队实现了高度的军民融合,企业跟到了战场上
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0008_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-KvigbdQ7xoJuWdeY1cnQSKtkwz8P3WLY-0-7f8c232260a19eb8f0bd0381b376d64f)
荷兰维和部队新老指挥官以钥匙为信物进行权力交接。这位新指挥官是任务区唯一的女指挥官
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小切磋增进大友谊。荷兰军人还是很好相处的,很随和、很幽默,而且偶尔还会搞些恶作剧
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0010_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-GST7f7d2bXJ2PVyzTPKMoxsfUjq2Lsto-0-7155a6e918110fe0f0295dc964788882)
法军的“潘哈德”步战车小巧轻便,皮实耐用非常适合沙漠地形,是法国人的骄傲
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0011_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-OdADXSgUYqJZFOGV3McMYKSIG6HyvRWf-0-c9297fce23e12fb63672d77ba5803839)
从飞机上俯瞰马里北部地区,植被稀少
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0011_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-388sxagQ6umNT2wlHWopfnhdtUHTnJQr-0-33d53b646ac963152ad57eba073a1497)
牛角瓜叶子被弄破后,涌出白色浆液,具有消炎抗菌、化痰等药用价值
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0012_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-NIcUV4Rz2WGbuh066GPlemFM4SEbDwlo-0-a7c411de9d0ee3b9e0b1005ca48250f9)
尼日尔河有丰富的渔业资源,沿河百姓可以靠捕鱼养家糊口
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0012_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-1LjCK2jcQNhlsa9RJswbaFDnE4D9QBTk-0-d9d930a8d5ca910640fdb2096f7bc2bd)
枯水期,百姓抢割尼日尔河的水草,用来制成牲畜饲料
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-kq1r2BDBugn0xvKAfNxdkHeBt0sLSOCW-0-ff0c46d8d625ff108fe6a002a757f450)
尼日尔河沿岸气温高、水分足,蔬菜生长得非常快
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0013_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-Or5Xz4r7wtsBSG3LOrtFQedcJuHCisT7-0-e1ac1de16682f76c9b4bb84ae957f39c)
尼日尔河边的马军哨位非常简陋,就是个窝棚,完全没有防弹能力
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-dIdODa1eBdYCX4me2NNUiYnZwc80jfzk-0-0880c5a18c0f7f12470d1522947ade04)
人都活得如此艰难,何况驴。装满水泥的车深陷在沙子里,“驴”失前蹄,栽倒在路上
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0014_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-iclBkKyaTXmgJq7GLjgQhSSkZKEp9baQ-0-187c66f650c241349e536846b7238e6a)
即便是一动不动,哨兵也是汗流浃背。幸好我们在国内集训时经历了耐热训练
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0015_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-eZ7HGR9Z9gcfU3bVOun8DAtI48a3pjH8-0-479e7513726403a493829244c422d8e0)
这个小瓦罐凝结了当地百姓的生存智慧,透气不透水,可以通过蒸发水汽自降温度
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0015_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-gMAs3wQ41EjQRCqTCI238aA1q29y7d2c-0-475b7f7c765b39dc73319057908eef46)
这种泥土房的学名叫西非泥造建筑,表面经过防水处理,主体是混合的泥层,不怕烈日晒,不怕暴雨淋
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0016_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-6XyA6289x3yftSIeYiIdBH8mQScpeCy8-0-ee7a965489aef11caaf47811720e4ec1)
旱季来临,口渴的织雀倒立在水龙头下喝水,虽有翅膀,但它们不会飞离巢穴太远
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0016_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-S2gFBxG8J6LfV6CQQ86EFYHvJL7EGMjU-0-2b9d0b2c30cc0dc42332ecb423ab4272)
沙暴前沿景象,5分钟后天就“黑”了,一丝光亮都没有
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沙暴过境,哨兵只能通过具有夜视功能的监控来观察
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0017_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-Aiu50AF1rKixZECF53ZKudlfigWLyxwJ-0-2d728648bdb79af49561f8ce787229eb)
每周六是装备保养日,战士们要将枪械内的泥沙清理干净,而后在关键部位擦上少许的枪油,防止沾沙
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0018_0001.jpg?sign=1738894452-SNEU27GH41rBcOQVGCZgQUIl6dMoQvw5-0-3916337a93e06f28433a7133243f7ed3)
经常能够看到孩子照看孩子的现象,大人们为了生存拼搏,家庭重担过早地分担到大一点的孩子肩上
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/6EA4BD/12514340704555906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0018_0002.jpg?sign=1738894452-9IHDK6VJt2LzunKqK9rH5PR1cXrC4zgP-0-11a2b8ea2092848b6a1613c2834e0ba5)
这是潜伏在暗处、一动不动的狙击手王长军。对于狙击手来说,隐蔽是和射击同等重要的一项技能